Spanish verbs - The Simple Past (El Indicativo Pretérito)

1. The conjugation of regular verbs:

   ar

   Yo hablé Tú hablaste Él, Ella, Usted habló Nosotros/as hablamos Vosotros/as hablasteis Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes hablaron

   er

   Yo comí Tú comiste Él, Ella, Usted comió Nosotros/as comimos Vosotros/as comisteis Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes comieron

   ir

   Yo viví Tú viviste Él, Ella, Usted vivió Nosotros/as vivimos Vosotros/as vivisteis Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes vivieron

2. Common irregular verbs:

   Ser

   Estar

   Ir

   Dar

   Hacer

   Andar

   Conducir*

   Decir

   Poder

   Poner

   Querer

   Saber

   Tener

   Traer

   Venir

   To be

   To be

   To go

   To give

   To make, to do

   To walk

   To drive

   To say

   To be able to

   To put

   To want

   To know

   To have

   To bring

   To come

   Yo Tú Él, Ella, Usted Nosotros/as Vosotros/as Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes

   fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron

   estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvisteis estuvieron

   fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron

   di diste dio dimos disteis dieron

   hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicisteis hicieron

   anduve anduviste anduvo anduvimos anduvisteis anduvieron

   conduje condujiste condujo condujimos condujisteis condujeron

   dije dijiste dijo dijimos dijisteis dijeron

   pude pudiste pudo pudimos pudisteis pudieron

   puse pusiste puso pusimos pusisteis pusieron

   quise quisiste quiso quisimos quisisteis quisieron

   supe supiste supo supimos supisteis supieron

   tuve tuviste tuvo tuvimos tuvisteis tuvieron

   traje trajiste trajo trajimos trajisteis trajeron

   vine viniste vino vinimos vinisteis vinieron

   * Other verbs ending in -ucir [traducir (to translate), producir (to produce)] have a similar conjugation.
   Note: Verbs with stems ending in -j, omit the i of the third person plural ending: condujeron, tradujeron, produjeron, trajeron, dijeron.
   
   
3. Radical changing verbs:
   • -ar and -er verbs that change their stem in the present tense do not change in the preterite
   • -ir verbs that change their stem in the present tense do also change in the preterite as follows:
     • e » i
     • o » u
     but only in the third person, singular and plural.
   
   

   Dormir	Morir	Pedir	Preferir	Servir	Reír
   To sleep	To die	To ask for	To prefer	To serve	To laugh
   dormí dormiste durmió dormimos dormisteis durmieron	morí moriste murió morimos moristeis murieron	pedí pediste pidió pedimos pedisteis pidieron	preferí preferiste prefirió preferimos preferisteis prefirieron	serví serviste sirvió servimos servisteis sirvieron	reí reíste rió reímos reísteis rieron

4. Orthographic changes:

   1. -ar verbs whose stem ends in z, c or g need a spelling change only in the first person singular:

      -zar	z » c	Empezar	Almorzar = To have lunch Comenzar = To begin Organizar = To organiza
      		To begin
      		empecé empezaste empezó empezamos empezasteis empezaron
      -car	c » qu	Buscar	Aparcar = To park Clasificar = To classify Tocar = To touch
      		To look for
      		busqué buscaste buscó buscamos buscasteis buscaron
      -gar	g » gu	Pagar	Jugar = To play Llegar = To arrive Rogar = To beg
      		To pay
      		pagué pagaste pagó pagamos pagasteis pagaron

   2. -er and -ir verbs whose stem ends in a vowel change the i of the ending to a y in the third persons singular and plural, also, the remaining forms gain a written accent over the letter i:

      -aer -eer -oer -oír	Creer	Caer = To fall Distribuir = To distribute Leer = To read Oír = To hear	Exceptions to this rule:	Traer	Atraer = To attract Distraer = To distract
      	To believe			To bring
      	creí creíste creyó creímos creísteis creyeron			traje trajiste trajo trajimos trajisteis trajeron

   3. Vers that end in -uir change in the same way as category 2 but the accent over the letter i appears only in the first person singular:

      -uir	Huir	Atribuir = To clame to have Constituir = To be, to constitute Construir = To build Contribuir = To contribute Destituir = To dismiss Destruir = To destroy Disminuir = To decrease Distribuir = To distribute Excluir = To exclude Incluir = To include Influir = To have an influence on Reconstituir = To reconstitute Restituir = To return, to restore Retribuir = To pay, to reward Sustituir = To replacel, to substitute
      	To flee
      	huí huiste huyó huimos huisteis huyeron

Spanish verbs - The Present Tense (El Indicativo Presente)

1. The conjugation of regular verbs:

   ar	Yo hablo Tú hablas Él, Ella, Usted habla Nosotros/as hablamos Vosotros/as habláis Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes hablan	er	Yo como Tú comes Él, Ella, Usted come Nosotros/as comemos Vosotros/as coméis Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes comen	ir	Yo vivo Tú vives Él, Ella, Usted vive Nosotros/as vivimos Vosotros/as vivís Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes viven
   (+) Important -ar, -er and -ir verbs:
   ar	Acabar = To finish, to end Actuar = To act Admirar = To admire, to amaze Afeitar = To shave Amar = To love Andar = To walk Aparcar = To park Ayudar = To help Bailar = To dance Bajar = To go/come down Buscar = To look for, to seak Cambiar = To change Caminar = To walk Cantar = To sing Clasificar = To classify Cocinar = To cook Comprar = To buy Contestar = To answer, to reply to Coser = To sew Crear = To create, to develop Cuidar = To look after, to take care of Dejar = To let, to leave, to put (poner) Desayunar = To have breakfast Desear = To wish Enseñar = To teach Entrar = To come in Enviar = To send Escuchar = To listen to Esperar = To wait for, to hope Estudiar = To study Firmar = To sign Fumar = To smoke Ganar = To earn, to win Gastar = To spend, to wear out Gustar = To like, to enjoy Hablar = To talk, to speak Interesar = To interest Lavar = To wash Levantar = To pick up, to lift Llamar = To call Llegar = To arrive Llenar = To fill Llevar = To take, to carry Marchar = To leave, to go, to walk Mencionar = To mention Mirar = To look at Nadar = To swim Necesitar = To need Obsesionar = To obsess Odiar = To hate Olvidar = To forget Organizar = To organiza Pagar = To pay Pasear = To walk Peinar = To brush Planchar = To iron Practicar = To practice, to perform Preguntar = To ask Preparar = To prepare Quedar = To remain Regresar = To return, come/go back Saludar = To greet, say hello to Terminar = To finish, to complete Tocar = To touch Tomar = To take, to drink Trabajar = To work Usar = To use Viajar = To travel Visitar = To visit	er	Aprender = To learn Beber = To drink Creer = To believe, to think Comer = To eat Comprender = To understand Correr = To run Deber = To have to do something Esconder = To hide Leer = To read Meter = To put Prometer = To promise Romper = To break, to tear up Temer = To be afraid of Vender = To sell	ir	Abrir = To accept, to admit Admitir = To open Asistir = To attend Cubrir = To cover Decidir = To decide Describir = To describe Descubrir = To discover Discutir = To discuss Escribir = To write Existir = To exist Imprimir = To print Omitir = To omit Partir = To cut, to divide, to leave Permitir = To allow, to permit Recibir = To receive Subir = To go/come up Sufrir = To suffer Unir = To join Vivir = To live

2. Common irregular verbs:

   Ser

   Estar

   Ir

   Tener

   Haber

   Decir

   Venir

   Oír

   Seguir

   Perseguir

   Cocer

   Oler

   To be

   To be

   To go

   To have

   To have

   To say

   To come

   To hear

   To follow

   To chase

   To cook

   To smell

   Yo Tú Él, Ella, Usted Nosotros/as Vosotros/as Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes

   soy eres es somos sois son

   estoy estás está estamos estáis están

   voy vas va vamos vais van

   tengo tienes tiene tenemos tenéis tienen

   he has ha hemos habéis han

   digo dices dice decimos decís dicen

   vengo vienes viene venimos venís vienen

   oigo oyes oye oímos oís oyen

   sigo sigues sigue seguimos seguís siguen

   persigo persigues persigue perseguimos perseguís persiguen

   cuezo cueces cuece cocemos cocéis cuecen

   huelo hueles huele olemos oléis huelen

3. Irregular only on the first person:

   	Dar	Ver	Hacer	Poner	Saber	Conocer	Caer	Salir	Traer	Valer	Fingir
   	To give	To see	To make, to do	To put	To know	To know	To fall	To leave	To bring	To be worth	To pretend
   Yo Tú Él, Ella, Usted Nosotros/as Vosotros/as Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes	doy das da damos dais dan	veo ves ve vemos veis ven	hago haces hace hacemos hacéis hacen	pongo pones pone ponemos ponéis ponen	sé sabes sabe sabemos sabéis saben	conozco conoces conoce conocemos conocéis conocen	caigo caes cae caemos caéis caen	salgo sales sale salimos salís salen	traigo traes trae traemos traéis traen	valgo vales vale valemos valéis valen	finjo finges finge fingimos fingís fingen

   * Also atraer(to attract) and distraer(to distract) are conjugated in the same way as traer (to bring).

4. Radical changing verbs:
   • In verbs that have "e" as the last vowel in the stem, the "e" changes to "ie", or, in a few cases, to "i".
   • In verbs that have "o" as the last vowel in their stem, the "o" changes to "ue".

   o » ue	Poder	ar	er	ir
   	To be able
   	puedo puedes puede podemos podéis pueden	Acordar = To agree, to remember Acostar = To put to bed Almorzar = To have lunch Aprobar = To approve, to pass Colgar = To hang Comprobar = To check Consolar = To console, to comfort Contar = To tell, to count Costar = To cost Demostrar = To prove, to demonstrate Encontrar = To find Esforzar = To strain, to make an effort Mostrar = To show Probar = To prove, to try, to test Recordar = To remember, to remind Rogar = To beg, to ask Sonar = To ring Soñar = To dream Volar = To fly Volcar = To turn over	Devolver = To give back, to return Doler = To hurt Envolver = To wrap (up) Llover = To rain Mover = To move Morder = To bite Resolver = To resolve, to solve Soler = To be used to Volver = To come back, to turn Torcer = To twist, to turn	Dormir = To sleep Morir = To die
   u » ue	Jugar	ar	er	ir
   	To play
   	juego juegas juega jugamos jugáis juegan
   e » ie	Pensar	ar	er	ir
   	To think
   	pienso piensas piensa pensamos pensáis piensan	Deshelar = To defrost Despertar = To wake up Comenzar = To begin Cerrar = To close, to lock Empezar = To begin, to start Fregar = To wash Helar = To freeze Negar = To deny, to refuse Nevar = To snow Recomendar = To recommend Sentar = To seat, to sit (down) Temblar = To shiver, to tremble	Perder = To lose Querer = To want Atender = Tu pay attention Defender = To defend, to protect Entender = To understand Encender = To light, to switch on, turn on Verter = To pour, to spill	Preferir = To prefer Advertir = To warn Concernir = To concern Consentir = To allow, to agree Convertir = To convert, to transform Divertir = To amuse Herir = To wound, to hurt Hervir = To boil Invertir = To invest, to reverse Mentir = To lie Referir = To refer Sentir = To feel Sugerir = To suggest
   e » i	Servir	ar	er	ir
   	To serve
   	sirvo sirves sirve servimos servís sirven	this change appears only in -ir verbs		Competir = To compete Concebir = To conceive Conseguir = To achieve, to obtain Corregir = To improve, to correct Despedir = To say goodbye Elegir = To choose, to elect Expedir = To send, to dispatch Freír = To fry Impedir = To prevent, to hinder Medir = To measure Pedir = To ask for Reír = To laugh Reñir = To argue Repetir = To repeat Seguir = To follow Sonreír = To smile Vestir = To dress
   i » ie	Adquirir	ar	er	ir
   	To acquire
   	adquiero adquieres adquiere adquirimos adquirís adquieren

5. Other irregularities:

   1. c » cz irregular only in the first person singular (after that they follow the same pattern as regular verbs):

      -cer -cir	Conocer	(Des)agradecer = To thank (Des)aparecer = To appear Carecer = To lack Conducir = To drive, to lead to Crecer = To grow Deducir = To deduct, to deduce Enriquecer = To make … rich, to enrich Favorecer = To favor Introducir = To introduce, to insert Merecer = To deserve Nacer = To be born Obedecer = To obey Ofrecer = To ofer Parecer = To look loke Permanecer = To remain, to stay Pertenecer = To belong Producir = To produce Reducir = To reduce Seducir = To seduce Traducir = To translate
      	To know
      	Yo conozco Tú conoces Él, Ella, Usted conoce Nosotros/as conocemos Vosotros/as conocéis Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes conocen

   2. i » y irregular in all forms except the first and second person plural:

      -uir	Huir	Atribuir = To clame to have Constituir = To be, to constitute Construir = To build Contribuir = To contribute Destituir = To dismiss Destruir = To destroy Disminuir = To decrease Distribuir = To distribute Excluir = To exclude Incluir = To include Influir = To have an influence on Reconstituir = To reconstitute Restituir = To return, to restore Retribuir = To pay, to reward Sustituir = To replacel, to substitute
      	To flee
      	Yo huyo Tú huyes Él, Ella, Usted huye Nosotros/as huimos Vosotros/as huís Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes huyen